{"id":3845,"date":"2025-05-30T11:31:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T11:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/songofthe.earth\/?p=3845"},"modified":"2026-03-19T17:40:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T16:40:06","slug":"global-climate-governance-context-challenges-and-prospects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/songofthe.earth\/it\/global-climate-governance-context-challenges-and-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"Governance climatica: contesto, sfide e prospettive"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le basi della governance climatica internazionale sono state gettate nei primi anni \u201970, in occasione della storica Conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sull\u2019Ambiente Umano tenutasi a Stoccolma nel 1972. Considerata il primo evento globale a collegare ambiente e sviluppo, la conferenza affront\u00f2 tematiche cruciali come la deforestazione, la desertificazione e la scarsit\u00e0 d\u2019acqua. Fu l\u2019inizio ufficiale della governance climatica su scala globale.\nNegli anni successivi, concetti come la sostenibilit\u00e0 hanno iniziato a prendere forma anche sul piano giuridico. Nel 1987, la Commissione mondiale su ambiente e sviluppo pubblic\u00f2 il Rapporto Brundtland, che definisce lo sviluppo sostenibile attraverso tre principi fondamentali:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrit\u00e0 degli ecosistemi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uso sostenibile delle risorse<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equit\u00e0 sociale<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il sostegno istituzionale alla governance ambientale si \u00e8 rafforzato con i vertici della Terra di Rio de Janeiro (1992) e Johannesburg (2002), l\u2019avvio degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo del Millennio e, nel 2015, la loro evoluzione nell\u2019Agenda 2030. <a href=\"http:\/\/(https:\/\/unric.org\/it\/agenda-2030\/\">Gli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile<\/a> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0affrontano una vasta gamma di tematiche, tra cui:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protezione dell\u2019ambiente e lotta al cambiamento climatico<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salute e benessere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Istruzione di qualit\u00e0 e parit\u00e0 di genere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crescita economica e lavoro dignitoso<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Riduzione delle disuguaglianze e promozione di consumi e produzioni sostenibili<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rafforzamento delle partnership per lo sviluppo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ending poverty and hunger<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Tensioni a Baku<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nel frattempo, le conferenze annuali delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici (COP), centrali per la diplomazia climatica, continuano a influenzare il dibattito politico e a generare tensione \u2014 come avvenuto recentemente a Baku, dove l'attenzione si \u00e8 concentrata sul settore della finanza climatica, con l\u2019impegno di destinare 300 miliardi di dollari l\u2019anno entro il 2035 ai Paesi del Sud globale (attraverso una combinazione di sovvenzioni, prestiti e fondi delle banche di sviluppo).\nPu\u00f2 sembrare una cifra imponente, ma \u00e8 poca cosa se confrontata ai 5-7 bilioni di dollari che ogni anno i governi di tutto il mondo destinano in sussidi al settore dei combustibili fossili. I 300 miliardi promessi risultano infatti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2024\/nov\/24\/cop29-climate-finance-deal-criticised-travesty-justice-stage-managed\">\u201cdrammaticamente insufficienti\u201d<\/a> rispetto ai bilioni necessari per affrontare in modo efficace la crisi ambientale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La COP29 di Baku ha suscitato rabbia e frustrazione, poich\u00e9 le misure adottate a met\u00e0 \u2014 secondo quanto riportato dal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2024\/nov\/24\/cop29-climate-finance-deal-criticised-travesty-justice-stage-managed\">Guardian.<\/a><\/span> \u201cscaricano i costi della crisi climatica su coloro che ne sono meno responsabili ma che ne subiscono le conseguenze peggiori\u201d. Il vertice \u00e8 stato segnato da carenze diplomatiche e politiche, tra cui le accuse da parte di organizzazioni per i diritti umani secondo cui il governo azero avrebbe represso attivisti ambientali e messo a tacere il dissenso politico. Si tratta della terza occasione in cui un Paese ospitante \u00e8 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cq52l95dd3vo\">accusato di repressione<\/a> e di minare il diritto alla protesta.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b>Il ruolo dell\u2019IPCC<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un altro attore chiave nella governance climatica globale \u00e8 il Gruppo intergovernativo sul cambiamento climatico (IPCC), fondato nel 1988 dalle Nazioni Unite. La sua missione \u00e8 fornire valutazioni scientifiche rigorose sugli effetti e i rischi del cambiamento climatico, oltre a proporre strategie di mitigazione e adattamento. L\u2019IPCC lavora attraverso tre gruppi: il primo si occupa delle basi scientifiche del cambiamento climatico, il secondo dei suoi impatti e della vulnerabilit\u00e0, e il terzo delle soluzioni di mitigazione. Pur dichiarandosi \u201cpoliticamente rilevante ma non prescrittivo\u201d, i suoi rapporti hanno influenzato decisioni politiche fondamentali, come la transizione dai combustibili fossili concordata alla COP28 di Dubai.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b>Controversy surrounding the IPCC 7th Assessment Report<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La pi\u00f9 recente sessione dell\u2019IPCC si \u00e8 tenuta a Hangzhou, in Cina, nel febbraio 2025, per discutere il settimo Rapporto di Valutazione (AR7), le cui modalit\u00e0 e tempi di pubblicazione restano in sospeso. La riunione \u00e8 stata segnata da forti controversie, con diversi paesi che spingevano affinch\u00e9 il gruppo affrontasse metodi privi di validazione scientifica di geoingegneria marina, come l\u2019introduzione di materiali alcalini negli oceani per aumentarne il pH e migliorarne la capacit\u00e0 di assorbire CO\u2082. Una tecnologia dai potenziali rischi elevati e dagli effetti collaterali ancora ignoti, che ha spinto molti governi a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2025\/03\/03\/countries-fail-again-to-decide-on-timing-of-key-ipcc-climate-science-reports\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bloccarne l\u2019inclusione nei lavori dell\u2019IPCC.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b>\u201cLa neutralit\u00e0 politica potrebbe non essere pi\u00f9 un\u2019opzione\u201d<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negli ultimi anni, l\u2019IPCC ha cercato di includere voci pi\u00f9 diversificate, tra cui esperti indigeni, scienziati e attivisti del Sud globale. Tuttavia, queste rimangono ancora in minoranza, con il rischio concreto di perpetuare disuguaglianze e ingiustizie sistemiche. Inoltre, la posizione di neutralit\u00e0 politica dell\u2019IPCC e l\u2019obbligo del consenso hanno <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2023\/sep\/05\/climate-politics-ipcc-emergency\">spesso portato a trascurare e evitare il dissenso.<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Con l\u2019avvicinarsi della prossima COP a Bel\u00e9m, in Brasile, la governance climatica globale si trova a un punto di svolta. A oltre cinquant\u2019anni dalla conferenza di Stoccolma, le strutture per una cooperazione internazionale sul clima sono ormai consolidate. Tuttavia, permangono profonde tensioni politiche, scientifiche ed etiche, e l\u2019inclusione di voci diverse \u00e8 ancora un processo in corso\u2014con implicazioni concrete per l\u2019equit\u00e0 e la giustizia ambientale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La capacit\u00e0 della governance globale di rispondere alla natura politica della crisi ambientale dipender\u00e0 dalla volont\u00e0 dei paesi di abbracciare azioni trasformative e mettere al centro del dibattito le voci pi\u00f9 marginalizzate ed escluse. In un\u2019epoca definita da crisi multiple, il futuro della governance climatica potrebbe dipendere non solo dalla scienza, ma da chi ha il diritto di parlare\u2014e da chi, finalmente, verr\u00e0 ascoltato.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The foundations of international climate governance were laid in the early 1970s, with the landmark 1972 United Nations Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm. It is regarded as the first international event that links environment and development, and tackled issues such as deforestation, desertification and water scarcity. The event marked the beginning of global climate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,18,30],"tags":[262,257,258,261,248,255,256,259,37,260],"class_list":["post-3845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth","category-energy","category-sustainability","tag-2030-agenda","tag-climate-crisis","tag-cop-summits","tag-development","tag-environment","tag-finance","tag-governance","tag-ipcc","tag-sustainability","tag-united-nations"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Global climate governance: context, challenges and prospects &#8211; Song of the Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the evolution, challenges, and future of global climate governance\u2014from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to COP29 and the IPCC&#039;s latest controversies. 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