{"id":3798,"date":"2025-05-06T10:51:46","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T10:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/songofthe.earth\/?p=3798"},"modified":"2026-03-19T17:40:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T16:40:02","slug":"the-environmental-crisis-according-to-the-anthropocene-and-the-capitalocene-human-intervention-or-reorganization-of-the-web-of-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/songofthe.earth\/it\/the-environmental-crisis-according-to-the-anthropocene-and-the-capitalocene-human-intervention-or-reorganization-of-the-web-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"La crisi ambientale, l'Antropocene e il Capitalocene: intervento umano o riorganizzazione della rete della vita?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando si parla di <\/span><b>crisi ecologica<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spesso ci si sofferma su problematiche specifiche e circoscritte: l\u2019aumento del livello dei mari, l\u2019impiego dei combustibili fossili, la deforestazione, la desertificazione - tra tutte, quella forse pi\u00f9 citata \u00e8 la questione dell\u2019aumento delle temperature. Nell\u2019attribuire cause e responsabilit\u00e0, a livello mediatico, istituzionale ed educativo, ritorna il concetto che siamo noi esseri umani i fautori di questa crisi: <\/span><b>\u00e8 l\u2019intervento antropico la causa di questa situazione<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c8 una storia la cui validit\u00e0 \u00e8 data per assodata e naturalizzata: <\/span><b>con l\u2019avvento dell\u2019industrializzazione abbiamo sprigionato nell\u2019atmosfera quantit\u00e0 massicce di gas serra e ora le temperature aumentano, i ghiacci si sciolgono, i livelli dei mari si innalzano<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questo modo di intendere la crisi attuale \u00e8 in gran parte riconducibile al termine-etichetta<\/span><b>Antropocene<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anche se non sempre esplicitamente citato, ha avuto un impatto fortissimo sul modo di fare informazione in merito alla crisi ecologica negli ultimi due decenni. Coniato dal chimico Paul Crutzen e dal microbiologo Eugene Stoermer nel 2000, \u201cantropocene\u201d descrive un\u2019 era geologica in cui <\/span><b>l'umanit\u00e0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> diviene una <\/span><b>vera e propria forza geo-bio-fisica a scala planetaria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> un\u2019era caratterizzata da estinzioni di massa, eventi climatici estremi e inquinamento ambientale. La datazione di questa nuova era geologica non ha un consenso unanime ma ricorre la periodizzazione legata alla rivoluzione industriale.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Critiche all'antropocene<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c8 una narrazione che \u00e8 stata criticata per soffermarsi sugli effetti e sulle cause \u2018dirette\u2019 (come industrializzazione e urbanizzazione) pi\u00f9 che sulle cause complesse della crisi ambientale, e per considerare l\u2019umanit\u00e0 come un tutt\u2019uno indistinto, non differenziato n\u00e9 a livello politico, n\u00e9 economico. \nA cosa fa veramente riferimento il termine \u2018umanit\u00e0\u2019? Possiamo davvero analizzare il problema considerando alla stessa stregua una multinazionale e dei montanari le cui terre vengono espropriate e privatizzate? <\/span><b>Hanno lo stesso impatto ambientale cittadini comuni e l\u2019insieme di enti e imprese industriali che operano a scala globale?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La cancellazione di queste differenze di responsabilit\u00e0 si presta bene alla <\/span><b>depoliticizzazione della crisi ecologica:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> questioni coloniali, di classe e di genere non vengono prese in considerazione nella trattazione mainstream della crisi e la storia viene<\/span><b> ridotta al rapporto tra tecnologia e risorse.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>La trasformazione del legame tra terra, lavoro e ricchezza.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to environmental historian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VvtdkZhT1yw\">Jason Moore<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a sole focus on industrialization is inadequate, and raises additional questions: what were the historical conditions that made the dependence on fossil fuels possible? Is it sufficient to only point to technological innovation? How did socio-ecological relations change?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo storico dell\u2019ambiente individua come punto di svolta la<\/span><b> trasformazione del legame tra terra, lavoro e ricchezza. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se in un'economia pre-capitalista era il possesso della terra la misura della ricchezza, con l\u2019avvento del capitalismo il controllo della terra diventa la condizione per l\u2019aumento della produttivit\u00e0 del lavoro e dell\u2019accumulazione del capitale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019appropriazione delle \u2018risorse\u2019 - combustibili fossili, legname, terre da trasformare in piantagioni o in pascoli - diventa, assieme alla produttivit\u00e0 del lavoro, il motore della crescita del capitale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019esempio storico forse pi\u00f9 celebre di questa ristrutturazione riguarda l'espropriazione delle terre comuni inglesi (commons) e della loro privatizzazione per liberare spazio per le attivit\u00e0 di pascolo, pi\u00f9 economicamente vantaggiose delle pratiche agricole tradizionali e comunitarie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Il sostentamento, la vita stessa gradualmente viene a non dipendere pi\u00f9 in maniera diretta dalla terra, ma a dipendere sempre di pi\u00f9 dalla possibilit\u00e0 di avere un lavoro retribuito.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Secondo Moore, la messa a valore economico della natura e del lavoro ha contribuito a esternalizzare la <\/span><b>natura, trasformandola a livello sia pratico che ideologico in un oggetto da sfruttare.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> La crisi ecologica sarebbe da considerare non come conseguenza del capitalismo, ma come presupposto base necessario al suo sviluppo, per questo lo storico dell\u2019ambiente parla di <\/span><b><i>Capitalocene<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> piuttosto che di <\/span><b><i>Antropocene<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il sistema capitalista s\u00ec agisce sulla <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">upon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> natura, ma anche <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attraverso<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> essa: Moore lo descrive come un vero e proprio regime ecologico che riorganizzazione della rete della vita, appropriando tutto ci\u00f2 che possa aumentare produttivit\u00e0 e capitale, trasformando profondamente i paesaggi e le possibilit\u00e0 di vita al loro interno.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Con il passaggio a un sistema economico capitalista<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in cui la vita stessa dipende pi\u00f9 dalla retribuzione lavorativa che dal legame con la terra, <\/span><b>viene a trasformarsi il legame tra vita umana e territorio.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il rapporto vitale e corporeo tra terra, animali pi\u00f9 che umani e vita umana viene indebolito dall\u2019avvento del capitalismo, e diventa molto facile accettare come verit\u00e0 universali le <\/span><b>dicotomie natura-cultura, corpo-ambiente.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il concetto-antropocene e la narrazione ambientalista mainstream, non riconoscendo il ruolo delle trasformazioni delle relazioni socio-ecologiche nella crisi ecologica, naturalizza queste dicotomie e diventa difficile immaginare e ricordare come poter vivere <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">con la<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attraverso<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la natura, senza relegare quei modi di vita a uno stadio \u2018primitivo\u2019, pre-moderno, o tingerle di una coloratura nostalgica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Imagining different ways of living is a demanding task<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>Immaginare modi di vita diversi \u00e8 un compito che richiede fatica, poich\u00e9 richiede la messa in discussione di molte verit\u00e0 universali rispetto al ruolo dell\u2019economia e alle relazioni socio-ecologiche possibili.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questo blog vorrebbe essere anche uno spazio in cui esplorare quelle possibilit\u00e0 di stare al mondo che il sistema economico dominante porta a dimenticare, uno spazio in cui riportare<\/span><b> modi di immaginare, raccontare e sentire la vita sul pianeta terra.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Come dice la biologa e teorica Donna Haraway, significa <\/span><b><i>rimanere nel problema<\/i><\/b> <b><i>with the trouble<\/i><\/b><b> della crisi ambientale.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c8 vero che negli ultimi secoli tra natura e societ\u00e0 \u00e8 avvenuta una frattura. Ma non deve essere cos\u00ec per forza, e immaginare alternative possibili pu\u00f2 essere un modo per resistere e cercare soluzioni alla crisi ecologica. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nInvitiamo i lettori di questo blog a commentare con le proprie storie e critiche per costruire uno spazio in cui condividere le idee rispetto alla crisi ecologica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"\/it\/daisyr.bamber@gmail.com\/\">Daisy Bamber<\/a><\/h6>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Within discourse regarding the environmental crisis, the focus often falls on issues that are defined and bounded: rising sea levels, fossil fuel use, deforestation, desertification \u2014 among them, perhaps the most frequently referenced concern relates to rising temperatures. In the media, in education and in policy, the explanation for the current crisis mainly underlines [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244,245,25,18],"tags":[246,247,249,253,248,254,250,251,67,252],"class_list":["post-3798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropocene","category-capitalocene","category-earth","category-energy","tag-anthropocene","tag-capitalocene","tag-ecological-crisis","tag-economy","tag-environment","tag-history","tag-land","tag-livelihood","tag-song-of-the-earth","tag-staying-with-the-trouble"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Environmental Crisis, the Anthropocene and the Capitalocene: Human Intervention or Reorganization of 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